Amur Leopard Facts

Amur Leopard Facts The Far Eastern or Amur panther (Panthera pardus orientalis) is one of the universes most jeopardized felines. It is a lone, nighttime panther with a wild populace assessed at more than 84 people who for the most part live in the Amur River bowl of eastern Russia with a couple of dispersed in neighboring China and in a moderately new asylum built up in 2012. They are especially helpless against annihilation since Amur panthers have the most reduced degrees of hereditary variety of any panther subspecies. Quick Facts: Amur Leopard Logical Name: Panthera pardus orientalisCommon Names: Amurland panther, Far Eastern leopard, Manchurian panther, Korean leopardBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 25â€31 creeps at the shoulder, 42â€54 inches longWeight: 70â€110 poundsLifespan: 10â€15 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Primorye district of southeastern Russia and northern ChinaPopulation: More than 80Conservation Status: Critically Endangered Portrayal The Amur panther is a subspecies of panther with a thick layer of long, thick hair fluctuating in shading from smooth yellow to corroded orange, contingent upon their natural surroundings. Amur panthers in the snowier Amur River Basin of Russia create lighter covers in the winter and will in general have more cream-hued coats than their Chinese kinfolk. Their rosettes (spots) are more generally dispersed with thicker dark fringes than different subspecies of panthers. They additionally have bigger legs and more extensive paws than different subspecies, an adjustment that encourages development through profound snow.â The two guys and females go in tallness between 25 to 31 crawls at the shoulder and are ordinarily 42 to 54 inches in length. Their stories measure roughly 32 crawls long. Guys are normally heavier at 70 to 110 pounds while females ordinarily gauge 55 to 75 pounds.â <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/_hr81iYPe5BaDzo8x1voXXiz0wk=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-122674006-5438e4b0bb41444eb381ae663d7ff636.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/O_oR5X-pzh8C8fcrm6e73zOVOVw=/757x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-122674006-5438e4b0bb41444eb381ae663d7ff636.jpg 757w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/OFY3ts2RfjyW65oBgGIeVo_aJaU=/1214x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-122674006-5438e4b0bb41444eb381ae663d7ff636.jpg 1214w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/84X1EJEbCurMZeDwiq6DEI4Oj-M=/2128x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-122674006-5438e4b0bb41444eb381ae663d7ff636.jpg 2128w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/YdnK4jTfOi2Awi_IAK_CmWbVWbM=/2128x1408/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-122674006-5438e4b0bb41444eb381ae663d7ff636.jpg src=//:0 alt=Rare and Endangered Panthera pardus orientalis class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-8 information following container=true /> Thomas Kitchin Victoria Hurst​/Getty Images Environment and Range Amur panthers can make due in calm backwoods and mountain areas, keeping for the most part to south-bound rough inclines in winter (where less snow collects). People regions can run from 19 to 120 square miles, contingent on age, sex, and prey thickness the last of which has significantly decreased as of late, however they are on increment in secured territories. Truly, Amur panthers have been found in eastern China, southeastern Russia, and all through the Korean Peninsula. The principal realized documentation was a skin found by German zoologist Hermann Schlegel in 1857 in Korea. More as of late, the couple of outstanding panthers are dispersed all through roughly 1,200 square miles in the territory where the fringes of Russia, China, and North Korea meet the Sea of Japan. Today, Amur panthers are expanding in numbers, because of the production of secured territories and other protection endeavors. Diet and Behavior The Amur panther is a carefully rapacious predator that fundamentally chases roe and sika deer however will likewise eat wild pig, Manchurian wapiti, musk deer, and moose. It will artfully go after rabbits, badgers, raccoon hounds, fowl, mice, and even youthful Eurasian mountain bears. Generation and Offspring Amur panthers arrive at regenerative development between the ages of two and three years. Females estrus period last from 12 to 18 days with growth taking around 90 to 95 days. Fledglings are commonly conceived from the finish of March through May and gauge a little more than one pound during childbirth. Like household felines, their eyes stay shut for about a week and they start to slither 12 to 15 days after birth. Youthful Amur panthers have been accounted for to stay with their mom for as long as two years. Amur panthers have been known to live for as long as 21 years in imprisonment, however their life expectancy in the wild is normally 10 to 15 years. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/3qyS6fUi5yzKHwknC4vPVmmj7BA=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1018939788-c16f2d3ee0c24bc6a88cd21eeb4b80ab.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/2NB55ofIp5QXqolrjHFEGE4Cu3U=/755x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1018939788-c16f2d3ee0c24bc6a88cd21eeb4b80ab.jpg 755w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ynq2ycL0dcAZHDG10ukwn4V0aUY=/1210x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1018939788-c16f2d3ee0c24bc6a88cd21eeb4b80ab.jpg 1210w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/8l6BUUzFgPHRvDH4XHiypXuvLRE=/2121x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1018939788-c16f2d3ee0c24bc6a88cd21eeb4b80ab.jpg 2121w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/NnTFS_-YTPUk1BjVVdBNBs0noUk=/2121x1414/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1018939788-c16f2d3ee0c24bc6a88cd21eeb4b80ab.jpg src=//:0 alt=Little whelps in the wild on the grass are adorable and entertaining class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-22 information following container=true /> Kuzmichstudio/Getty Images Protection Status As indicated by the World Wildlife Fund, Amur panthers got a place of refuge in 2012 when the legislature of Russia announced another secured territory. Called Land of the Leopard National Park, this denoted a significant exertion to spare the world’s rarest feline. Expanding almost 650,000 sections of land it incorporates the entirety of the Amur leopard’s rearing territories and around 60 percent of the basically imperiled cat’s remaining natural surroundings. Also, protectionists have been fruitful in diminishing unlawful and impractical logging rehearses and encouraging exchange between organizations focused on capable ranger service rehearses. In 2007, WWF and different traditionalists effectively campaigned the Russian government to reroute an arranged oil pipeline that would have imperiled the panthers living space. The IUCN Species Survival Commission has considered Amur leopards Critically Endangered (IUCN 1996)â since 1996. Starting at 2019, in excess of 84 people stay in the wild (for the most part in ensured regions) and 170 to 180 live in imprisonment. The essential drivers for their low populace are territory devastation from business logging and cultivating from 1970 to 1983 and illicit poaching for hide in the course of the most recent 40 years. Luckily, protection endeavors by associations like the World Wildlife Fund and the Amur Leopard and Tiger Alliance (ALTA) are attempting to recuperate the species from elimination. Dangers Albeit human impedance assumes a key job in Amur panthers jeopardized status, their low degree of hereditary variety because of ongoing diminishing populace size has prompted numerous wellbeing inconveniences including decreased fertility.â Living space destruction: Between 1970 and 1983, 80 percent of the Amur panthers natural surroundings was lost because of logging, timberland fires, and agrarian land change extends (this loss of territory additionally influenced the panthers prey species, which have gotten progressively scant as well).Human Conflict: With less wild prey to chase, panthers have inclined toward deer ranches where they have been slaughtered by farmers.Poaching: The Amur panther is illicitly pursued for its hide, which is sold on the underground market. Living space misfortune has made it simpler to find and murder panthers inside the previous 40 years.Small Population Size: The Amur panthers fundamentally low populace is in danger from illness or natural fiascoes that could clear out all remaining individuals.Lack of Genetic Variation: Because there are scarcely any individual panthers left in the wild, they are dependent upon inbreeding. Ingrained posterity are inclined to medical issues, in cluding diminished ripeness which further lessens the populaces possibility of endurance. In spite of the fact that these issues are being tended to and the quantity of Amur panthers has expanded, the species is as yet viewed as fundamentally imperiled. Amur Leopards and Humans The Amur Leopard and Tiger Alliance (ALTA) works in close participation with nearby, territorial, and government associations to secure the areas organic riches through preservation, feasible turn of events, and neighborhood network inclusion. They keep up four enemy of poaching groups with a sum of 15 individuals in the Amur panther extend, screen the Amur panther populace through snow track checks and camera trap tallies, reestablish panther natural surroundings, bolster ungulate recuperation, and run a media battle to make mindfulness about the Amur panthers situation. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has set up hostile to poaching groups and natural instruction projects to build thankfulness for the panther among nearby networks inside the panthers run. WWF likewise executes projects to stop the traffic in Amur panther parts and to expand the number of inhabitants in prey s

Asylum law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Refuge law - Essay Example The target viewpoint will look at the target standards of the case and furthermore the abstract rule will inspect whether there is any nearness of a dread of the goal conditions. (Harvey: 237). In this way, an evacuee ought to show with solid verification that they would endure badgering in the event that they come back to their mom land. They ought to exhibit that they would be dependent upon provocation or mortification on legitimate grounds of mistreatment because of nationality, race, political belief systems and religion. In Adan v Secretary of State for the Home Department, Lord Slynn saw that well â€founded dread must be available at the period when the case for outcast status is to be resolved. In Sivakumaran 1case, House of Lords saw that the dread of mistreatment must be a contemporary dread in the event that it is the very much established. In this manner, the most significant factor in choosing the exile status in UK is the Home Secretary’s assessment of the portrayals in the evacuee application which will be considered according to the circumstances that existed in the applicant’s nation of birthplace. (Harvey: 240). In Sivakumaran case , the issues relates to Tamils in Sri Lanka and the House of Lords turned down the Court of Appeal’s acknowledgment of two tire test supported by United States statute . The first is whether the individual is an evacuee and the second is that would their opportunity or life be in peril. The Court of Appeal applied a composite standard of sensible probability of genuine hazard or damage to demonstrate whether a dread was viable or all around established and forestalled come back to their mom land. In other speech, the adjudicators respected the importance of â€Å"well-established fear† rather than â€Å"persecution.† The above choice didn't meet the finish of equity, given the occurrence of abominations released on Tamil adolescents in Sri Lanka by then of

Online Grocery Memberships Is it Worth it

Online Grocery Memberships Is it Worth it Online Grocery Memberships: Is it Worth it? Online Grocery Memberships: Is it Worth it?Feeling hungry? Grocery subscription models are making it easier, yet sometimes more costly, to get the shopping done.We all need food to sustain ourselves â€" that is, unless you are some sort of machine learning program scouring the internet to become a robotic financial advisor, in which case please be kind to us when your kind takes control.Robots and computers aside, we all live busy lives, and you may find it difficult to squeeze grocery store trips into your schedule. That is why online grocery delivery services have been gaining popularity. Some of those services offer a subscription model or membership.Are those offers worth it? Let us find out together!The upsidesParticular Pantry founder Jenna Coleman maintains that grocery delivery services can actually save money when used properly, despite the more obvious costs.“One of the biggest advantages of using a grocery delivery service is that you can see a running total of your groc eries, which makes it easier to make smart budget decisions,” Coleman explains. “Also, because you are shopping virtually, you do not have to run all over the store to find the items on your list or put things back if you realize you are going over budget.”The time you save using a delivery service also has value. You can use that time to earn money in other ways, handle tasks you would have otherwise spent money on to accomplish, or just relax (which also has value).Generally, purchasing a membership or subscription to an online delivery service means that you will pay a monthly or annual fee in place of a delivery fee per each order you make. This means you will need to use grocery delivery services with some frequency to make the subscription payments worth it.Beyond that, different subscriptions have different features.ConsiderationsThis is the section of this article in which we offer a not-at-all comprehensive list of grocery delivery subscriptions to give you some examp les before choosing to do your own research, if you should so desire.“All Amazon Prime members are eligible for Prime Pantry, with free shipping on every order of $35 or more,” says Beverly Friedmann, who works for consumer review site   ReviewingThis. “With Amazon Prime Pantry, benefits include online coupons and deals, easy bulk buying (with a massive inventory supply on the site), and less temptations to impulse-buy that you would find with regular grocery shopping. The site also offers subscribe-and-save options for household goods, where you can [earn a percentage off your purchase] off by using an automatic scheduled service.”Friedmann points out that Prime Pantry does not allow the delivery of perishables, which means you will need to use a different service when it comes to produce. Amazon has begun offering Prime Fresh; however it requires an additional cost on top of Prime and is only available in select cities.Amazon Prime subscribers in certain geographic areas a lso have access to Prime Now, which provides free food delivery services from your local Whole Foods.Instacart Express costs $9.99 per month or $99 for the whole year. It also allows you to skip the delivery fee on orders that are more than $35, which is apparently some industry standard. Because Instacart delivers from local supermarkets, you may have a limited selection,but you will be able to get your fresh fruit and vegetable fix.Peapod offers PodPass at various subscription tiers. For $119 per year, you can waive the delivery fee on orders that are more than $100. If you are willing to sacrifice some flexibility, you can pay $55 a year for PodPass Midweek, which only works on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday.Where you live and how often you plan to use a subscription delivery service will determine which of these might make sense for you.The downsidesYou may decide to forego grocery delivery subscriptions.As you may have noticed, all of these subscription services still require a minimum delivery order. It makes sense for the service provider, so they can be certain they are not losing money by allowing many small deliveries; however, this model can enable bad financial habits for the user.“This leads you to have to add more items to your cart,” warns Dela Ainoo, personal finance blogger at Savvy Money Moms. “If you went to the store to make the purchase, the chances are that you would not have purchased the extra items.”Lisa Hugh, founder and CEO of Single Ingredient Groceries, emphasizes the ways in which delivery services can encourage healthier eating for those without a lot of spare time, but acknowledges that it can be a waste of money if it is not used often enough.As tends to be the case with our “Is It Worth It,” article series, the final decision will come down to your specific circumstances. At least, that has been the conclusion so far! We just hope we can help you make that choice.

A Classic Essay by Richard Steele Recollections

Born in Dublin, Richard Steele is best known as the founding editor of the Tatler and—with his friend —Spectator. Steele wrote popular essays (often addressed From my own Apartment) for both periodicals.  The Tatler was a British literary and society paper which was published for two years. Steele was attempting a new approach to journalism which was more focused on the essay. The periodical was released three times a week, its name came from its habit of publishing things overheard in the high society coffee houses in London. Although, Steele did have a habit of inventing stories as well as printing real gossip.    Though less highly regarded than Addison as an essayist, Steele has been described as more human and at his best a greater writer. In the following essay, he reflects on the pleasure of remembering the lives of friends and family members who have died. Recollections from the Tatler, Number 181, June 6, 1710 by Richard Steele There are those among mankind, who can enjoy no relish of their being, except the world, is made acquainted with all that relates to them, and think every thing lost that passes unobserved; but others find a solid delight in stealing by the crowd, and modelling their life after such a manner, as is as much above the approbation as the practice of the vulgar. Life being too short to give instances great enough of true friendship or good will, some sages have thought it pious to preserve a certain reverence for the names of their deceased friends; and have withdrawn themselves from the rest of the world at certain seasons, to commemorate in their own thoughts such of their acquaintance who have gone before them out of this life. And indeed, when we are advanced in years, there is not a more pleasing entertainment, than to recollect in a gloomy moment the many we have parted with that have been dear and agreeable to us, and to cast a melancholy thought or two after those with whom, perh aps, we have indulged ourselves in whole nights of mirth and jollity. With such inclinations in my heart I went to my closet yesterday in the evening, and resolved to be sorrowful; upon which occasion I could not but look with disdain upon myself, that though all the reasons which I had to lament the loss of many of my friends are now as forcible as at the moment of their departure, yet did not my heart swell with the same sorrow which I felt at the time; but I could, without tears, reflect upon many pleasing adventures I have had with some, who have long been blended with common earth. Though it is by the benefit of nature, that length of time thus blots out the violence of afflictions; yet, with tempers too much given to pleasure, it is almost necessary to revive the old places of grief in our memory; and ponder step by step on past life, to lead the mind into that sobriety of thought which poises the heart, and makes it beat with due time, without being quickened with desire, or retarded with despair, from its proper and equal motion. When we wind up a clock that is out of order, to make it go well for the future, we do not immediately set the hand to the present instant, but we make it strike the round of all its hours, before it can recover the regularity of its time. Such, thought I, shall be my method this evening; and since it is that day of the year which I dedicate to the memory of such in another life as I much delighted in when living, an hour or two shall be sacred to sorrow and their memory, while I run over all the melancholy circumstances of this kind which have occurred to me in my whole life. The first sense of sorrow I ever knew was upon the death of my father, at which time I was not quite five years of age; but was rather amazed at what all the house meant, than possessed with a real understanding why nobody was willing to play with me. I remember I went into the room where his body lay, and my mother sat weeping alone by it. I had my battledore in my hand, and fell a-beating the coffin, and calling Papa; for, I know not how, I had some slight idea that he was locked up there. My mother caught me in her arms, and, transported beyond all patience of the silent grief she was before in, she almost smothered me in her embraces; and told me in a flood of tears, Papa could not hear me, and would play with me no more, for they were going to put him under ground, whence he could never come to us again. She was a very beautiful woman, of a noble spirit, and there was a dignity in her grief amidst all the wildness of her transport, which, methought, struck me with an instinct of sorrow, that, before I was sensible of what it was to grieve, seized my very soul, and has made pity the weakness of my heart ever since. The mind in infancy is, methinks, like the body in embryo; and receives impressions so forcible, that they are as hard to be removed by reason, as any mark with which a child is born is to be taken away by any future application. Hence it is, that good-nature in me is no merit; but having been so frequently overwhelmed with her tears before I knew the cause of any affliction, or could draw defences from my own judgement, I imbibed commiseration, remorse, and an unmanly gentleness of mind, which has since ensnared me into ten thousand calamities; from whence I can reap no advantage, except it be, that, in such a humour as I am now in, I can the better indulge myself in the softnesses of humanity, and enjoy that sweet anxiety which arises from the memory of past afflictions. We that are very old are better able to remember things which befell us in our distant youth, than the passages of later days. For this reason it is that the companions of my strong and vigorous years present themselves more immediately to me in this office of sorrow. Untimely and unhappy deaths are what we are most apt to lament; so little are we able to make it indifferent when a thing happens, though we know it must happen. Thus we groan under life, and bewail those who are relieved from it. Every object that returns to our imagination raises different passions, according to the circumstance of their departure. Who can have lived in an army, and in a serious hour reflect upon the many gay and agreeable men that might long have flourished in the arts of peace, and not join with the imprecations of the fatherless and widows on the tyrant to whose ambition they fell sacrifices? But gallant men, who are cut off by the sword, move rather our veneration than our pity; and we gather reli ef enough from their own contempt of death, to make that no evil, which was approached with so much cheerfulness, and attended with so much honor. But when we turn our thoughts from the great parts of life on such occasions, and, instead of lamenting those who stood ready to give death to those from whom they had the fortune to receive it; I say, when we let our thoughts wander from such noble objects, and consider the havoc which is made among the tender and the innocent, pity enters with an unmixed softness, and possesses all our souls at once. Here (were there words to express such sentiments with proper tenderness) I should record the beauty, innocence, and untimely death, of the first object my eyes ever beheld with love. The beauteous virgin! how ignorantly did she charm, how carelessly excel! Oh death! thou hast right to the bold, to the ambitious, to the high, and to the haughty; but why this cruelty to the humble, to the meek, to the undiscerning, to the thoughtless? Nor age, nor business, nor distress, can erase the dear image from my imagination. In the same week I saw her dressed for a ball, and in a shroud. How ill did the habit of death become the pretty trifler! I still behold the smiling earth--A large train of disasters were coming on to my memory, when my servant knocked at my closet door, and interrupted me with a letter, attended with a hamper of wine, of the same sort with that which is to be put to sale on Thursday next, at Garraways coffee-house. Upon the receipt of it, I sent for three of my friends. W e are so intimate, that we can be company in whatever state of mind we meet, and can entertain each other without expecting always to rejoice. The wine we found to be generous and warming, but with such a heat as moved us rather to be cheerful than frolicsome. It revived the spirits, without firing the blood. We commended it until two of the clock this morning; and having to-day met a little before dinner, we found, that though we drank two bottles a man, we had much more reason to recollect than forget what had passed the night before.

Lockheed Martin Corporate Strategic Decisions Regarding...

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Lockheed Martin’s web site states that its operating units are organized into broad business areas. Within these areas, the products and services that they offer are targeted at two distinctly different types of entities, governmental agencies and commercial companies. Their business areas are: †¢ Aeronautics – tactical aircraft, airlift, and aeronautical research and development lines of business. †¢ Information Systems Global Solutions – federal services, government and commercial IT solutions †¢ Missiles and Fire Control – Terminal High Altitude Area Defense System and PAC-3 missiles. †¢Show MoreRelatedLockheed Martin s Board Of Directors1986 Words   |  8 PagesLockheed Martin’s board of directors consist of twelve active members. There are four women and eight men, all of which are external members other than the CEO. One woman, Marillyn A. Hewson, is the Chairman, CEO, and President of Lockheed. 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Nystrom Management 4500 Business Policy and Strategic Management November 18, 2008 Table of Contents SECTION 1: CASE STUDY 1 1.1 Background / History 1 1.2 Organizational Mission 1 1.3 External Environment 2 1.4 Internal State of Affairs 4 1.5 Generic Strategy 5 1.6 Long-Term Objectives 5 1.7 Grand Strategies 5 1.8 Short-Term Objectives 6 1.9 Functional Tactics 7 1.10 Strategic Execution 8 1.11 Executive Bonus Compensation Plans 8

Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review Free Essays

Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review Cody Morse BSA310 10/29/12 Morris Polston Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review Upon reviewing Riordan Manufacturing’s legal section I found the page to be devoid of any information regarding to current business system. However, the page does detail the relationship between Riordan Manufacturing and their legal partners, Litteral Finkel, who have been legal representatives of Riordan Manufacturing since the company’s founding. Litteral Finkel are global but lack an office in China to directly assist Riordan Manufacturing on its legal matters regarding their future expansion into Shanghai. We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Legal page contributes information regarding the board of directors and the basic governing policies regarding it. Litteral and Finkel have stated that they can send attornies from their closest offices to help aide Riordan Manufacturing should the need arise. Although this is helpful and most useful it would be great to see a virtual meeting system incorporated into the communication between both parties (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2012). It is would recommend that both Riordan Manufacturing and Litteral Finkel, invest in the implementation of a virtual meeting software such as Citrix Go-to-meeting. This would allow for face to face video communication regarding legal matters and would also facilitate realtime document sharing between the parties. An issue with security has also been found during the review. A memorandum was marked confidential however it was protected by any incription. We can see no security measures to protect information internally or externally. It is our recommendation that firewalls be added to all locations to protect from outside interference. It would also be wise to start using a program like Bitlocker on all hard drives. Works Cited Apollo Group, Inc. (2012). Legal. Retrieved 10 20, 2012, from Riordan Manufacturing: How to cite Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review, Essay examples

Measuring Well-Being Essays - Positive Mental Attitude, Happiness

Measuring Well-Being MEASURING ECONOMIC WELL-BEING By using Gross Domestic Product as the main indicator of well-being, many important factors are neglected. As defined in the New Merriam-Webster Dictionary, well-being is the state of being happy, healthy, or prosperous (1989, p.831). Economically, perhaps the only relevant state under the definition is prosperity, but in reality happiness and health have a great impact on well-being, significant enough to be recognized even when focusing mainly on wealth in numbers. If society hopes to have a more accurate and complete indication of well-being, globally or nationally, a new system of measurement must be developed, leaving GDP to its original function of totaling the dollar value of all domestically-produced goods and services sold over a period of time. One of the most important factors that is not presently acknowledged when calculating well-being the affects of pollution and natural resource depletion. The land is the most basic foundation for virtually every good produced and needless to say, once it has been stripped of its raw materials, the consequences will resound globally. Damage to our environment adversely affects each aspect of well-being: health, happiness and prosperity. We cannot hope to be healthy without clean air and water, nor can we hope to be prosperous without the materials needed to make goods. And we most certainly cannot hope to be happy when everything around us is sick, stagnant and useless. Unfortunately, GDP actually considers the activities which create pollution as gains to well-being. Another neglected factor that needs to be recognized when measuring well-being is the value of tasks performed at home and in the community, in which no money is exchanged but countless hours are spent organizing and maintaining. Such simple tasks as gardening or enjoying a block picnic in the neighbourhood park surely add to well-being, as do the jobs of child-rearing and elder care, in which the lives of others are entrusted to people who volunteer their time, love and energy for nothing but the gratification of showing their love and care for another human. A society in which the local park is a hangout for drug dealers, children run recklessly in the streets with no parental guidance and our elderly citizens are left to die in their beds, lonely and uncared for, cannot be in a state of well-being. The activities that make a community safe and welcoming often do not involve a monetary transaction, and are therefore not reflected in GDP. One last example of a factor of well-being that is not currently recorded is the significance of war and violence. Some of the most prosperous times in history have occurred during war and destruction, when innocent men and women were killed daily, children were left orphaned and the earth was scarred by explosions and gunfire. The equipment, ammunition, artillery and transport needed to fight a war are all incredibly costly, thus showing a large increase in GDP. How can a society believe this increase to mean a good state of well-being when war, the ultimate cause of widespread misery and destruction, is to thank for the economic gain? As these examples have illustrated, the present technique of measuring well-being by watching gains and losses in GDP, leaves society with a very deluded view of its true state. While the number that GDP gives does have weight economically, many other factors contribute greatly to well-being. Less regard should be given to GDP, and a new method of measurement should be developed; one that takes into consideration whether the transactions that GDP records have a positive or negative affect on society's well-being. Economics

Free Essays on Recycling

The topic of recycling has been around for almost thirty years. It was realized that simply "throwing" our problems out the window and into the landfill wasn't a permanent solution. Slowly we have tried to upgrade our process of recycling, reusing and reducing. Though the question remains. Do we do enough for recycling? How much longer can we wait to act until we are buried under our own trash. The time has come to bring recycling into the global spotlight. On April 22, 1970 the first Earth Day was celebrated. First of many it kicked off a major Earth movement. That same year President Nixon passed the Environmental Protection Act. Complementing it six years later was the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The Recovery Act regulated disposal and treatment of solid waste. Prior to this, trash was either incinerated, burned in an open dump or landfilled. Seventeen years after this law was passed recycling still hadn't picked up immensely. 75% of trash still went to landfills, 13% was incinerated and only a meager 12% was recycled. That was in the year 1993, only four years ago. Of course a nation wide comparison doesn't truly do justice to waste disposal because of concentration of people and exporting of waste. However on a local comparison the statistics are very similar. In 1993 16 thousand tons of garbage were produced in Tioga County and only 4 thousand tons were recycled. Three years later in 1996 our production of trash went up to about 17 thousand tons while we still only recycled 4 thousand tons of it. With statistics like these it is not a matter that requires much thought. Landfill space is constantly being used up; and even the most advanced incinerators still pollute the air, one option stands. Prices on natural resources are escalating and their abundance is dropping, one option remains. What kind of future will we leave for our children, one option stands. Before we go into discussion of recycling some ground ru... Free Essays on Recycling Free Essays on Recycling An ancient practice with many modern applications, recycling is the recovery and reuse of materials from spent products. In recent years recycling, also called materials salvage, has become a major part of environmental policy, due to the increased costs of solid- and hazardous-waste disposal, the scarcity of natural resources, and the growing concern over polluted land, water, and air. There are two types of recycling operations: internal and external. Internal recycling is the reuse in a manufacturing process of materials that are a waste product of that process. Internal recycling is common in the metals industry. External recycling is the reclaiming of materials from a product that has become almost obsolete. An example of external recycling is the collection of old newspapers and magazines for the manufacture of newsprint or other paper products. In some areas, industries are required to pre-treat wastewater before it is funneled into a waterway. In homes, wastewater is sent t o a sewage-treatment plant, where it is purified, recycled, and put back into the water-supply system. Many gardeners recycle organic, biodegradable kitchen scraps by mixing them with leaves and grass clippings in a compost mound. There the organic waste decomposes and is biochemically transformed into usable soil. Successful recycling programs depend on several factors. There must be a general awareness of the problems caused by solid-waste disposal and an effective, inexpensive method for separating and collecting the recyclable materials. It also must be economically feasible for industries to use and market recycled materials. In 1976 the United States Congress passed the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, encouraging states to formulate solid-waste recovery plans. Many states set up special departments to assist local communities in their recycling efforts. Some communities adopted legislation that gives consumers the option of returning contain... Free Essays on Recycling Recycling is an extremely important issue in our world today. Recycling is returning materials to their raw material components and then using these again to supplement or replace new materials in the manufacture of a new product. It is important for every person to take responsibility for his or her own contribution to the recycling effort. Recycling not only means reusing and restoring our garbage but can also include donating old clothes to charitable organizations, reusing plastic containers to store food in the refrigerator, and many other activities we already participate in. Although recycling encompasses many areas of our lives, this paper will focus on our everyday waste products, how to recycle them, and if it is a worthwhile cause (Carless 3). With thousands of curbside recycling services operating nationwide, people can no longer make excuses for their lack of recycling. Consumer education is important so people can make informed decisions about buying products which are recyclable and minimize the amount of garbage that cannot be recycled. Recycling has several healing affects on the Earth such as helping to slow global warming, diminishing acid rain, reducing water pollution, conserving landfill space, and lowering pollutants in the air (Stein 13). For four consecutive weeks, I collected my personal garbage and counted and/or weighed the respective products. I learned that many of the products I use can be recycled, however, I also realized that I need to make a more conscious effort to buy recyclable products. Appendix A details the garbage I collected and is divided into several categories which are: aluminum, other metals, glass, plastics, newspaper, white paper, other paper, and food products. I will discuss each group and how, or if, the products listed in the group can be recycled. By using recycled aluminum instead of virgin ore, we can eliminate 95 percent of air pollution, 97 percent of water pollution, save 4 ton... Free Essays on Recycling People Need to Recycle In the United Sates, where the population is inflated every year. The amount of space for landfills decreases every day. The need for recycling should not be asked, it should just be done out of habit. Everyone in America needs to recycle, to help the lamdfill problem, help the environment, and help produce new products from recycled goods. In America there is about two-hundred and eight tons of residential and commercial trash generated a year, 4.3 pounds per person a day (Prichard 1A). This is an overwhelming amount of trashed produced yearly. When people recycle this number can be drastically cut. But many people do not practice and use recycling. Consumers and businesses should use the three R’s; recycle, reuse, and recharge (Prichard 1A). Consumers and businesses are producing more garbage than ever before. As a result, we are rapidly running out of landfill space. In 1979 America had close to 18,500 landfills, and by 1991 that number was nearly cut in half (Prichard 10A). Kentucky, Ohio, Minnesota, and Illinois will reach their maximum limit on landfills by the year 2005 (Prichard 10A). This whole garbage problem has forced us to try other options. Many of these options have been very unsuccessful. People have tried burning their garbage, that cause pollution to the environment. Some states even resorted to dropping their trash in the ocean, only to have the very same trash float ashore later. Dumping it on other states leads to feuding neighbors. Indiana passed a law to block imports of out-of-state trash, but a federal court ruled the law illegal (Prichard 10A). Instead of trying to find new ways to dump our trash, we need to find better ways to recycle it and save space in our landfills. In the 1970s there was a push to use recycled paper. A worker at a paper factory in Illinois states, â€Å"Then the issue was saving a tree. But trees are replaced. We plant them, we cut them, we plant them again† (Pendl... Free Essays on Recycling The topic of recycling has been around for almost thirty years. It was realized that simply "throwing" our problems out the window and into the landfill wasn't a permanent solution. Slowly we have tried to upgrade our process of recycling, reusing and reducing. Though the question remains. Do we do enough for recycling? How much longer can we wait to act until we are buried under our own trash. The time has come to bring recycling into the global spotlight. On April 22, 1970 the first Earth Day was celebrated. First of many it kicked off a major Earth movement. That same year President Nixon passed the Environmental Protection Act. Complementing it six years later was the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The Recovery Act regulated disposal and treatment of solid waste. Prior to this, trash was either incinerated, burned in an open dump or landfilled. Seventeen years after this law was passed recycling still hadn't picked up immensely. 75% of trash still went to landfills, 13% was incinerated and only a meager 12% was recycled. That was in the year 1993, only four years ago. Of course a nation wide comparison doesn't truly do justice to waste disposal because of concentration of people and exporting of waste. However on a local comparison the statistics are very similar. In 1993 16 thousand tons of garbage were produced in Tioga County and only 4 thousand tons were recycled. Three years later in 1996 our production of trash went up to about 17 thousand tons while we still only recycled 4 thousand tons of it. With statistics like these it is not a matter that requires much thought. Landfill space is constantly being used up; and even the most advanced incinerators still pollute the air, one option stands. Prices on natural resources are escalating and their abundance is dropping, one option remains. What kind of future will we leave for our children, one option stands. Before we go into discussion of recycling some ground ru...

The Legendary Phoenix in Ancient History

The Legendary Phoenix in Ancient History Those who have seen the Harry Potter movies have watched the amazing power of the Phoenix. Its tear once cured Harry of Basilisk poison and another time, it went up in a puff of flame only to come back to life again. It would truly be an amazing bird, if only it were real. The Phoenix symbolizes rebirth, especially of the sun, and has variants in European, Central American, Egyptian and Asian cultures. In the 19th century, Hans Christian Anderson wrote a story about it. Edith Nesbit features it in one of her childrens stories, The Phoenix, and the Carpet, as does J.K. Rowling in the Harry Potter series. According to the most popular variant of the phoenix, the bird lives in Arabia for 500 years at the end of which, it burns itself and its nest. In the version described by Clement, an ante-Nicene (basically, before Constantine legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire) Christian theologian, the phoenix nest is made of frankincense, myrrh, and spices. A new bird always rises from the ashes. Ancient sources on the mythological phoenix bird, include Clement, the great mythographer and poet Ovid, the Roman natural historian Pliny (Book X.2.2), the top ancient Roman historian, Tacitus, and the father of Greek history, Herodotus. Passage From Pliny Ethiopia and India, more especially, produce1 birds of diversified plumage, and such as quite surpass all description. In the front rank of these is the phœnix, that famous bird of Arabia; though I am not quite sure that its existence is not all a fable. It is said that there is only one in existence in the whole world, and that that one has not been seen very often. We are told that this bird is of the size of an eagle, and has a brilliant golden plumage around the neck, while the rest of the body is of a purple colour; except the tail, which is azure, with long feathers intermingled of a roseate hue; the throat is adorned with a crest, and the head with a tuft of feathers. The first Roman who described this bird, and who has done so with the greatest exactness, was the senator Manilius, so famous for his learning; which he owed, too, to the instructions of no teacher. He tells us that no person has ever seen this bird eat, that in Arabia it is looked upon as sacred to the sun, that it lives five hundred and forty years, that when it becomes old it builds a nest of cassia and sprigs of incense, which it fills with perfumes, and then lays its body down upon them to die; that from its bones and marrow there springs at first a sort of small worm, which in time changes into a little bird: that the first thing that it does is to perform the obsequies of its predecessor, and to carry the nest entire to the city of the Sun near Panchaia, and there deposit it upon the altar of that divinity.The same Manilius states also, that the revolution of the great year 6 is completed with the life of this bird, and that then a new cycle comes round again with the same characteristics as the former one, in the seasons and the appearance of the stars; and he says that this begins about mid-day of the day on which the sun enters the sign of Aries. He also tells us that when he wrote to the above effect, in the consulship7 of P. Licinius and Cneius Cornelius, it was the two hun dred and fifteenth year of the said revolution. Cornelius Valerianus says that the phœnix took its flight from Arabia into Egypt in the consulship8 of Q. Plautius and Sextus Papinius. This bird was brought to Rome in the censorship of the Emperor Claudius, being the year from the building of the City, 800, and it was exposed to public view in the Comitium.9 This fact is attested by the public Annals, but there is no one that doubts that it was a fictitious phœnix only. Passage From Herodotus There is another sacred bird, too, whose name is phoenix. I myself have never seen it, only pictures of it; for the bird seldom comes into Egypt: once in five hundred years, as the people of Heliopolis say.Herodotus Book II. 73.1 Passage From Ovids Metamorphoses [391] Now these I named derive their origin from other living forms. There is one bird which reproduces and renews itself: the Assyrians gave this bird his name-the Phoenix. He does not live either on grain or herbs, but only on small drops of frankincense and juices of amomum. When this bird completes a full five centuries of life straightway with talons and with shining beak he builds a nest among palm branches, where they join to form the palm trees waving top. As soon as he has strewn in this new nest the cassia bark and ears of sweet spikenard, and some bruised cinnamon with yellow myrrh, he lies down on it and refuses life among those dreamful odors.-And they say that from the body of the dying bird is reproduced a little Phoenix which is destined to live just as many years. When time has given to him sufficient strength and he is able to sustain the weight, he lifts the nest up from the lofty tree and dutifully carries from that place his cradle and the parents sepulchre. As soon as he has reached through yielding air the city of Hyperion, he will lay the burden just before the sacred doors within the temple of Hyperion.Metamorphoses Book XV Passage From Tacitus During the consulship of Paulus Fabius and Lucius Vitellius, the bird called the phoenix, after a long succession of ages, appeared in Egypt and furnished the most learned men of that country and of Greece with abundant matter for the discussion of the marvellous phenomenon. It is my wish to make known all on which they agree with several things, questionable enough indeed, but not too absurd to be noticed. That it is a creature sacred to the sun, differing from all other birds in its beak and in the tints of its plumage, is held unanimously by those who have described its nature. As to the number of years it lives, there are various accounts. The general tradition says five hundred years. Some maintain that it is seen at intervals of fourteen hundred and sixty-one years, and that the former birds flew into the city called Heliopolis successively in the reigns of Sesostris, Amasis, and Ptolemy, the third king of the Macedonian dynasty, with a multitude of companion birds marvelling at the novelty of the appearance. But all antiquity is of course obscure. From Ptolemy to Tiberius was a period of less than five hundred years. Consequently some have supposed that this was a spurious phoenix, not from the regions of Arabia, and with none of the instincts which ancient tradition has attributed to the bird. For when the number of years is completed and death is near, the phoenix, it is said, builds a nest in the land of its birth and infuses into it a germ of life from which an offspring arises, whose first care, when fledged, is to bury its father. This is not rashly done, but taking up a load of myrrh and having tried its strength by a long flight, as soon as it is equal to the burden and to the journey, it carries its fathers body, bears it to the altar of the Sun, and leaves it to the flames. All this is full of doubt and legendary exaggeration. Still, there is no question that the bird is occasionally seen in Egypt.Annals of Tacitus Book VI Alternate Spellings: Phoinix Examples: Harry Potters magic wand has a feather from the same phoenix that gave a feather for the wand of Voldemort.

HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS - Essay Example In essence, the policies that healthcare organizations are supposed to follow are derived from healthcare legislation. Healthcare laws or regulations operationalize the healthcare industry in which healthcare organizations function. Additionally, the healthcare laws or regulations, aim at protecting patients from being exploited by healthcare organizations (Hammaker & Tomlinson 23). Firstly, through healthcare laws or regulations, healthcare organizations observe patient confidentiality, and avoid disclosing a patient’s treatment information without the patient’s consent. If laws and regulations governing patient confidentiality were non-existent, then healthcare organizations would disclose patient records without consent. Secondly, the laws or regulations force healthcare organization to prioritize a patient’s health instead of focusing on profit making. Thirdly, the laws or regulations affect healthcare organizations in that organizations are obliged to follow ethical procedures when conducting research on new drugs. The absences of the laws would result in healthcare organizations unethically trying out new drugs whose side effects are unclearly on human beings, which can turn out to be detrimental (Hammaker & Tomlinson 33). In conclusion, various healthcare laws and regulations affect how healthcare organizations function within the healthcare sector. Ultimately, the laws and regulations gear towards ensuring that healthcare organizations are honest, ethical and professional when bringing health to the

Two variables Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two variables - Speech or Presentation Example Thus, we expect that our inequality will have the symbol ≠¤ or ≠¥ If our boundary line would be a dashed line instead, then we would have used the symbols After obtaining the equation of the boundary line, we will choose a test pint that will be true when substituted in the equation. This test point must exist within the required region for the values to be true. We chose the origin (0, 0) In order to find the maximum number of TVs that will also be carried, we substitute 60 in the inequality to find the maximum number possible that will satisfy the inequality. hence,substituting 60 for x, In order to find the maximum number of refrigerators that will also be carried, we substitute 200 in the inequality to find the maximum number possible that will satisfy the inequality. Hence, substituting 200 for y, Since 130 is not divisible by 3, we have to get a number closest to 130 that is divisible by 3. The number is 126. In order to obtain 126 on the left hand side of the inequality, we must adjust the number of TVs. We thus introduce a linear

Essay on Portrait of the Artist as A Young Man and The Wall

The Artist in Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as A Young Man and Pink Floyd's The Wall      Ã‚  Ã‚   Foragers, the people who live in hunter-gatherer societies, have no artists. It is only when society becomes complex enough to support a division of labor do artists emerge-first as shamans, then as the painters, singers, writers, etc., that we usually think of today. Society, then, creates the artist, but it can also destroy him. In A Portrait of the Artist as A Young Man, James Joyce describes the particular development of Stephan Dedalus that led to his becoming an artist. Pink's development in Pink Floyd's The Wall, mirrors that of Stephen yet concludes in the destruction of the artist.    An important similarity between them is their isolation. Joyce believed that the separation from society is important for an artist in order to see society clearly. Common people are easily swayed by authority figures, as Dante and other Irish Catholics are against Parnell by the church's condemnation, or by other trendy movements such as the peace testimonial, all of which are rejected by Stephen in the end. When Stephen in his discourse on beauty describes the basket, he says "your mind first of all separates the basket from the rest of the visible universe which is not the basket. The first phase of apprehension is a bounding line drawn about the object to be apprehended" (212). Thus, by extension, if an artist is to apprehend the society, a line must be bound around society separating the artist from it in order to view it; it is difficult in a maze of hedges to comprehend the pattern, but when viewed from above the paths in and out become clear. The artist must stand outside the changeable mindset of the average human being in orde... ...at make up the crowd or the eerie, bulbous faces on the train. Stephen fulfils his role as an artist by becoming a sort of teacher-shaman as he gives his discourses on esthetics to Lynch and prepares to depart into the world, like some wandering monk or sage. Separate from society he is able to search out and convey the truth of society. Pink's isolation, however, utterly destroys him. Unable to endure, the wall is torn down by the hammer of conformity and Pink becomes the very personification of repressive society. If the role of the artist is to objectively show society the truth of itself, then Pink emerges an artwork in himself, an accurate mirror of the forces that shaped him.       Works Cited    Joyce, James. A Portriat of the Artist as a Young Man. New York: Penguin Books, 1976.    Pink Floyd. The Wall. Sony Wonder Studios, 1982.   

Shortening Lead-Times to Create an Agile

1. Introduction The last decade has witnessed a significant transformation that fast fashion has become a key feature in current fashion industry. Although it was regarded as a niche concept offered by a few winners such as Zara and H&M, fast fashion has now been adopted as a key operation mode by many brands in the fashion market (Baker, 2008), using advanced and more efficient supply chains to be more responsive to changing trends towards customer demand. Hence, Fast fashion brands perform relatively better than other fashion brands in various aspects. (Mattila et al. 002: 340 – 351) Esprit is a fashion brand owned by Esprit Holding Ltd. , manufacturing apparel, accessories, footwear and housewares under the Esprit label. In the previous fashion market, Esprit is generally recognized as the originator of fast fashion. As one of the pioneers in the fashion industry, however, Esprit has lost its way in recent years. (Best Retail Brands, 2012) â€Å"In essence, Esprit is a str ong and profitable brand, but the brand has gradually lost its soul over the past few years,† Ronald Van Der Vis – chief executive of Esprit admitted. News. com. au, 2011) The company is now focused on a brand revival with significant investment planned for marketing and the retail experience, as well as plans to exit some European markets and sell off the U. S. business. (Best Retail Brands, 2012) The most notable action is that the company has appointed Jose Manuel Martinez Gutierrez, who was group director of distribution and operations at Zara, as the CEO position in September 2012. This evidence shows that Esprit is going to struggle with fast fashion leaders like Zara and H&M.From an operational perspective, agile supply chain strategies have been relatively well studied, and can yield significant value to firms through faster supply chain. (Fisher and Raman 1996) Esprit has started realizing that how to make its products and services to reach customers in the sho rtest time is most important in today’s fashion market. As a result, rapidly changing competitive fashion market and dynamic customer expectations require Esprit to seek agility in its whole supply chain. This paper focuses on the brand reformation in the aspect of creating agile upply chain for Esprit, with an analysis of the key problem that Esprit is currently facing and provide three solutions, which are: 1. Designing new products following fashion shows 2. Establishing smaller-scale operational mode 3. Using quick response strategy 2. Literature Review 2. 1 The conception of fast fashion Fast fashion is a contemporary term used by fashion retailers to acknowledge that designs move from catwalk to store in the fastest time to capture current trends in the market. (Bruce et al. 001) In an operational level, Barnes and Lea-Greenwood (2006) defined â€Å"Fast fashion† as a business strategy which aims to reduce the processes involved in the buying cycle and lead times to get fresh fashion product into stores, in order to satisfy consumer demand. 2. 2 Agile supply chain in fast fashion The supply chain is central to the creation of fast fashion. If suppliers cannot respond quickly enough, inefficiency will occur, and clothing will be unsalable and finally result in the increase of inventory.Fashion market has been defined that it has four characteristics which are short life-cycles, high volatility, low predictability and high impulse purchasing (Martin et al. 2004), as a result, building up agile supply chain is highly essential in today’s fashion market. Bruce et al. (2004) has described agile supply chain that it is shorter, more flexible and demand driven than the normal supply chain. Christopher et al. (2004) pointed out that agile supply chain is driven by information such as market demand and information sharing between businesses in the supply chain. 2. 3 Three critical lead-timesAccording to Martin et al (2004), retailers should c oncentrate on using different ways to improve the quality of forecast to cope with various uncertainties from the market. However, because the vitality of market demands, the prediction of forecast will always be accurate in fashion market. As a result, the way of reducing lead-time should be found rather than just relying on the market forecasting. 2. 3. 1 Time-to-market In the highly changeable fashion industry, life cycles of fashion products have been reduced, which means that there is a need for firms to reduce the time-to-market of new products to get market at the fasted speed.Time-to-market is defined as the length of time taken in product development process from product idea to the finished product. (Garel, 2003) Griffin (2002) used time-to-market to analyze its relationship with the degree of product complexity and originality. In which product complexity and originality were found be related with multifunctional teams and the use of formal process. Sherman et al. (2002) presented that the quantity of people, such as suppliers, top management people and multi-functional teams who involved in the process is highly associated with time-to-market. It is also important to point out that Martin et al. 2004) has drawn a figure presenting the risk that companies will confront if slow to market. 2. 3. 2 Time-to-serve According to Martin et al. (2004), time-to-serve could be understood as the time to capture customer’s order and deliver the product to retail stores. Time-to-serve applies both principles of lean thinking and just-in-time process to time compression. However, it also inspects the incurring of costs and adding of value with proceeding time. This offers enterprises with a more comprehensive perception where progress can be made in order to reach a higher service levels concerning availability. Marcelo, 2011) Bergvall-Forsberg and Towers (2007) suggest that sourcing garments closer to consumer markets, particularly in Europe, could shorten the time-to-serve. 2. 3. 3 Time-to-react Time-to-react is one of the lead-times given by Martin et al. (2004), which means the time to adjust the output of the business in response to volatile demand. Because most supply chains are driven by ordering, understanding what customer actually request and do the quick response is a challenge that many fashion retailers are facing. (Martin et al. 2004) Forza and Vinelli 1997:125) has defined that â€Å"Quick response strategy acts on the single phases/activities throughout the entire chain-right from the producers of yarn up to the sales outlets-with the aim of reducing the time spans that elapse from the textile design stage to the purchasing of the garments by the final consumers†. Time-to-react can be accelerated through the tenet of quick response strategy, which has been divided into three parts: reducing excess stock from raw material to market, declining the risk of new product forecasting and speeding up the delivery. Birtw istle et al. , 2003) 3. Problem After decades of development, Esprit has become a mature, well-known and international fashion brand that offers customers various kinds of fashion products. However, as showed in the annual report of Esprit in 2011, the net profit of Esprit Holding Ltd. was 79 millions, has slumped sharply by 98%, compared with the same period last year. Moreover, Esprit has closed more than 100 physicals stores in the most areas of North America and some areas of Europe and China because its meager sales. (News. com. au, 2011)These situations directly result in the loss of customers and the damage of its brand image. In the current dilemma of Esprit, Weixiong Cheng, the executive vice-president of ME&CITY, considered that speed and flexibility are the most essential factors in this changeable fashion market, however, with conservative design and sluggish supply chain, Esprit failed to response to ever-changing market needs, whereas the leading fast fashion retailer such as Zara and H&M is struggling to continuously bring fresh fashion goods to customers, which have brought unprecedented competitive pressure to Esprit.Stephen and Aikaterini (2011) point out that because the fashion industry is characterized by intense and dynamic competition, participants are obliged to develop innovative structures and processes supporting market growth, maintaining competitive advantage and exploiting new product sectors and consumers. Martin et al. (2004) consider that the big gap between traditional fashion and fast fashion is the agility of the supply chain. Esprit puts too much emphasis on unique brand’s image, while ignoring the speed and flexibility in the market. The low-speed of updating new products can’t meet consumers demand.So it not only misses the best sales opportunities but also increases the risk of inventory. In this context, Esprit must find some ways to recover. 4. Solutions Martin et al (2004) explain that through effectivel y manage three critical lead-times; the competitive advantage of enterprises can be improved. They are time-to-market, time-to-serve and time-to-react. The speed of Esprit’s supply chain could be improved through these three aspects. 4. 1 Design new products following fashion shows The first solution is designing new products following recent fashion shows.A successful supply chain should be sensitive to the market and response to the product design as soon as possible. Compared with copy the design from other fast fashion brands, depending on fashion shows to design new products will be faster. So the time to design new products will affect the speed of fashion supply chain directly. Yinyin (2010) consider that â€Å"fast fashion† is a new term used to describe clothing collections that are based on the most recent fashion trends. It means the popular fashion factors will change rapidly which lead to the short life-circle of fashion products. The product is often ephe meral, designed to capture the mood of the moment: consequently, the period in which it will be saleable is likely to be very short and seasonal, measured in months or even weeks†(Martin et al. 2004). It requires that suppliers should grasp the fashion trends and design new products in short time. Fast fashion companies employ a large number of designers and buyers; they are responsible for collecting a complete range of fashion information and getting inspiration from fashion shows. Also, Hines and Bruce (2001:123) state that, the-term trend is closely related to future designs.The right decision should be made on the design and style of the clothing (Forza and Vinelli, 1997). If a company can catch the first opportunity to reach new market, it would be succeed in sales. With the advances in mass communication, consumers can easily keep up with the latest fashion trends (Liz and Gaynor, 2006:260). Mass consumers not just like â€Å"cheap†; in fact, they are more intere sted in â€Å"trendy and inexpensive. † For instance, easy chic, and short-term trend is often associated with the popular elements in a particular season, such as a particular color.Minxun (2012) points out that Esprit makes transition to be a fast fashion brand; the key point is product design that is not only new but also fast. It means Esprit should follow the fashion trends and meets the consumers’ demand to design products soon. In order to forecast the consumers taste, the Esprit designers should refer to some famous shows that contain the fashion ideas, trends and colors for the new season’s textile designs (David et al. , 2006). Esprit should not following other fashion brands, being the first one to entry new market. 4. Establish smaller-scale operational mode In traditional fashion companies, the total time in manufacture process is considerable which enormously lengthen the order to delivery cycle. The underpinning reason for this long manufacturing time largely lies in the batch-based production and shipping methods. Companies want to pursue cost-minimization and every step is quantities-processed separate from each other in the total manufacturing process. In previous years, about 80 percent of Esprit’s business in Europe is the wholesale rather than retail (Kailath T, 2002).This led to the European headquarters inclined resources to order-placing meetings. Esprit’s order-placing conferences from beginning two times a year became four times a year, until the final 12 times a year, and each time there was three months for lead-time (Kailath T, 2002). The traditional economic batch-quantities methods could truly minimize their costs of manufacturing as well as the costs of shipping. But this viewpoint of cost is too narrow and enterprises would ultimately lose their advantage competitiveness compared with those fast-fashion brands.Esprit needs to change its existing manufacture and shipping patterns urgently if th e company attempts to transform its existing operational system. It must abandon its conventional economies of scale principle both in manufacturing stage and shipping stage. Fast changing, small amount and a high variety of products are commonplace for fast fashion brands. The successful fast fashion brand ZARA, it remains about 30 percent of spare capacity rather than maximizing the use of its productivity (Andres M, 2003).ZARA gives up the pursuit of economies of scale and takes small quantities of production and distribution methods. Whether ZARA and H & M, an artificially created shortage of supply, not only helps cutting down products’ lead-times but also encourages consumers to buy the commodities quickly. Also, small-scale production increased flexibility of the production line in order to better respond to changes of customer needs. If Esprit wants to transform into a fast fashion brand, it must abandon its conventional bulk production style which just pursuing econo mies of scale.The company should cut down its outputs and increase the diversity of products. The adoption of lower output and higher variety of production could help Esprit drive higher service levels in terms of availability within the shortest possible time. Another critical problem in Esprit’s supply chain is its shipping time that largely delayed the time-to-serve. Company’s former underpinning philosophy of pursuing the economies of scale kept the costs of shipping down to some extent, but may ultimately self-defeating for missing the best sales opportunities and increasing the risk of inventory.The best way to solve this problem is to accelerate the commodities’ transport speed even though sacrifice some cost consideration. Fashion represents to be fast. Take successful fast fashion brand ZARA for example, for the sake that products can be shipped to regions outside of Europe within 48 hours. The company is willing to pay two percent of high airfreight co st price. In France, Germany, Italy, Spain and other EU countries, ZARA transport its products mainly by truck with an average of 36 hours to the chain stores.The sales in these areas occupy 70 percent of company’s total sales. As for the remaining 30 percent of sales, the company sends its products through airway to distant countries and regions such as Asia for the sake of improving the transport speed (Marcelo R, 2011). ZARA’s chain stores in China have their separate order rights the same as other stores all over the world, even a section only book one piece of clothing, ZARA could also guarantee to send it to the store within 48 hours (Marcelo R, 2011). If Esprit wants to reform ts operational system and earn much more profits in fashion market, the company must make efforts to curtail the products’ shipping time to gain competitive advantages compared with other fashion brands. What’s more, the shorter transporting time could help Esprit lower its s upply chain risk. 4. 3 Lead-time reduction by â€Å"Quick response† strategy Quick response strategy has been adopted by a growing number of fashion retailers in order to improve the company’s competitive advantage. Esprit makes sales forecast and then outsources to third parties half a year in advance.However, the market environment may change during this period; therefore, the lead-time must be shortened in order to risk reduction. Figure 1 Merchandise, data and financial transfer with quick response Source: taken from Quick response in retailing: components and implementation (1995, P. 13) As we can see from figure 1, Customers go to the store to purchase the products or services they need. The purchasing information will be collected, such as style, color, and number. Then this buying information would be sent to vendor for analyzing.Fernie (1994) suggests that the development of IT technology can ensure the implementation of the quick response strategy. For instan ce electronic data interchange (EDI). Suppliers manufacture products in accordance with the order requirements, transportation to retail stores through distribution channels. Esprit would be suggested to use the designs of their offshore suppliers. And Esprit buyers will make ultimate selects from these designs. Furthermore, the ultimate decisions making are based on analyzing historical sales data.In practice, celebrities, pop stars and fashion events have affected the design of the products. In this way, a large amount of money and time will be saved. Quick response strategy gives close attention to an effective and efficient delivery process of goods from suppliers to customers with minimum lead-time. It aims at the high profits, low risk, changing demand and attractive products. The short product life cycle, demand uncertainty and fierce competition are the characteristic of fashion industry. In this environment, market mediation is becoming more and more important. Fisher (1997 , P. 07) point out that an accurate prediction makes a good match between the demand and supply of the products. The ultimate goal of the implementation of the quick response strategy is to meet the customers demand. Therefore, Esprit Buyers and sales staffs should track and analyze recent sales data promptly, so as to recognize the best-selling styles and slow-moving style. For these best-selling items, buyers could inform the supplier’s design team to produce similar styles as quick as possible. For those slow-moving items, managers could take markdown or discount strategy, which could relieve the inventory pressures.In addition, when fashion companies choosing suppliers, the speed and flexibility should be taken into account, not just low cost (Fisher, 1997, P. 108). Esprit could combine local manufacturers with outsourcing to low-cost producers. More specifically, the high-tech products and core products could be manufactured in local factories. As for basic products, the y could be produced in low-cost regions. For example, the suppliers of North Africa provide trendy clothing within three weeks at a low price (Birtwistle et al. , 2003) Indeed, multi-sourcing is a good way to outsource.Furthermore, the relationships among stakeholders influence the effect of the implementation of quick response strategy. On one hand, they are independent of each other; on the other hand, they share information and support each other. Figure 2 Physically Efficient Versus Market-Responsive Supply Chains Physically Efficient ProcessMarket-Responsive Process Primary purpose Supply predictable demand efficiently at the lowest possible costRespond quickly to unpredictable demand in order to minimize stock outs, forced markdowns, and obsolete inventory Manufacturing focusMaintain high average utilization rateDeploy excess buffer capacity Inventory trategyGenerate high turns and minimize inventory throughout the chain Deploy significant buffer stocks of parts or finished go ods Lead-time focusShorten lead time as long as it doesn’t increase costInvest aggressively in ways to reduce lead time Approach choosing suppliersSelect primarily for cost and qualitySelect primarily for speed, flexibility, and quality Product-design strategyMaximize performance and minimize costUse modular design in order postpones product differentiation Source: taken from What is the right supply chain for your product? (Fisher, 1997, P. 08) It can be seen from this chart, buyers concerned about the procurement budgets, discount management and increased margins. Manufactures pay more attention to the volume of orders, production scale, as well as timing. For distributors, the new products must be picked and delivered to consumer precisely, cheaply and as quickly as possible (Birtwistle et al. , 2003). By this way, Esprit would achieve the purpose of inventory reduction and short lead-time, as well as fewer forecast errors. 5. Advantages and disadvantages AdvantagesDisadva ntages Design new products1.Occupy market share firstly and make profits 2. To be the market leader of fast fashion and gain consumer loyalty. 1. New products are risky because of the uncertain forecast. 2. The complex clothing manufacture lead to the high cost Establish smaller-scale operational mode 1. Decrease the lead-time in supply chain 2. Win more competitive advantages for the company 3. Decrease the risk of supply chain1. Lose the cost advantages that bought by the economies of scale 2. Lose part of the profits 3. Increased product ranges lead to the rising of cost Lead-time reduction by â€Å"Quick response† strategy . Reduce inaccurate forecasts 3. Helping to keep a safety stock 4. Sales and profits will be boost by quick response strategy 5. Consumers’ satisfaction will be improved1. To some extent, the product quality is ignored. 5. 1 Advantages 5. 1. 1 Advantages of designing new products First of all, short time-to-market leads to the sales increase. If a company can catch the first opportunity to reach new market, it would occupy the market share in the first time and be successful. Martin et al. (2004) consider that the supplier make the new products early will make greater profits than later.Otherwise, the early entrant makes much less obsolescent stock. Secondly, early entrant can to be the market leader and gain consumer loyalty. Gabszewicz et al. (1992) indicated that brand loyalty does confer considerable first-mover advantage, consistent with â€Å"hard to follow† results. If the Esprit can design the popular fashion clothing faster than others, it will be stand out in various fast fashion brands. After consumers admiring the fantastic design and amazing speed, it will replace Zara and become the leader of fast fashion. In long term, consumer loyalty is very important to against the strong competition. . 1. 2 Advantages of establishing smaller-scale operational mode In manufacturing stage, the company should cut down its outputs and increase the types of products. This practice could fundamentally decreases the lead-time in supply chain and wins competitive advantages in this rapidly changing fashion market. While in shipping stage, the adoption of some faster transporting ways such as airways and the establishment of a much quicker delivery system could not only shorten the lead-time but also improve delivery flexibility to cope with various changes.The shipping system will inevitably occur transportation breakdown due to some unexpected situations such as bad weather conditions. The traditional bulk transportation would unavoidably suffer huge losses when facing such cases. However, the smaller-amount modes of transportation can minimize such losses to a certain extent. 5. 1. 3 Advantages of quick response strategy Esprit will benefit lot from quick response strategy. Firstly, it can reduce inaccurate forecasts base on the previous sales data. Secondly, it could be very helpful to keep a safe ty stock. Thirdly, sales and profits will be boost by this strategy.Last but not least, consumer satisfaction will be improved. These benefits will enhance the competitive advantage. 5. 2 Disadvantages 5. 2. 1 Disadvantages of designing new products following fashion shows Shelby, H (2011) consider that the new product innovation is risky comes from the observation that only a fraction of new products become commercial success. Even though the new products are design depending on the consumers demand, it is hard to collect all the consumers’ hobby. On the other word, sometimes the survey data shows only represent a part of consumers’ taste.It is very difficult to make sure that others are willing to buy the new products. â€Å"It has been estimated, for instance, that between 60 and 90 percent of new products end their totally withdrawn or left unsupported† (Booz et al, 1968). So it has a high risk to be the number one or the fastest one which produce the new de sign clothing. Yen et al (2011) points that with the increasing number of new products introduced more frequently as well as the smaller volumes per product, the pool of skills required for clothing manufacturing is becoming more complex. It leads to high-cost as the result.For the different new design clothing, suppliers should change the supply chain frequently. That will cost a lot and can’t sell in high price that result in making little profit. 5. 2. 2 Disadvantages of establishing smaller-scale operational mode The solutions showed above in time-to-serve part are not without their inherent shortcomings. First of all, the company would lose its cost advantage that bought by the economies of scale. Then, because of the lower yields, company's production may not be able to meet the demand of the market. As a result, Esprit may lose this part of profits.Last but not least, company has to invest much more money to diversify company’s product range as well as create a much quicker transportation system. All these innovations would average up products’ costs ultimately. 5. 2. 3 Disadvantage of quick response strategy Quick response strategy emphasizes particularly on fast and effective. To some extent, the product quality is ignored. For instance, the multi-sourcing is difficult to guarantee uniform quality, and inevitably rejects into the market, that would lead to customer dissatisfaction and the frequently returns. 6. ComparisonSimilaritiesDifferences Design new products VS Establish smaller-scale operational mode 1. Shorten the lead-times 2. Average up the cost of products Different influence on risk Establish smaller-scale operational mode VS â€Å"Quick response† strategy 1. Speed up the distribution cycle 2. Improve consumers’ satisfaction 3. Decrease inventory risk Different influence on cost Design new products VS â€Å"Quick response† strategy 1. Boost sales and margins 2. Enhance the brand loyalty Different i nfluence on risk 6. 1Design new products VS Establish smaller-scale operational mode There are ome similarities between these two solutions. On the one hand, both of them aim at shorten the lead-times in the supply chain. On the other hand, the two solutions would average up the cost of products. The obvious difference between these two solutions is the influence on risk. The solution proposed in time-to-market part would increase the products’ risk, while in another solution, supply chain’s risk would be reduced. 6. 2Establish smaller-scale operational mode VS â€Å"Quick response† strategy The similarities between Time-to-serve and Time-to-react can be presented in three aspects.Fundamentally, these two solutions all speed up the distribution cycle that from manufacturing to the end-customers. Next, consumers’ satisfaction would be improved. Last, they all could help Esprit to decrease inventory risk. Their main difference lies in cost. Solution propose d in Time-to-serve section would cut down company’s cost while another one would increase it. 6. 3Design new products VS â€Å"Quick response† strategy The brand loyalty would be enhanced by these two methods. In addition to this, the sales and margins would be boosted. These advantages would make the company stand out in various fashion brands.As the mentioned former solution above that there is a hazard about the risky new products. Nevertheless, the later one lowers the risk of products management. 7. Conclusion In this paper, fashion supply systems are characterized by three critical lead-times: time-to-market, time-to-serve and time-to-react, which are highly essential to building up an agile supply chain. However, in the consideration of the current fast fashion industry and the today’s situation of Esprit, how to react to the target market in the right time is a priority that Esprit should mainly focus on.As apparel markets have become more varied and cha ngeable in the present retail environment, there is a transition from a production-driven to a market-driven approach in the fashion industry. (Bhardwaj, 2009) Hence, in order to survive, Esprit has to sustain competitive objectives by ensuring the brand meet the market demand. The quick repose strategy is a must for Esprit to equip it with agility to fight against the leading fast fashion brands at its first step. Reference Baker, R. (2008). Retail sector focus-fashion:following fast fashion. Marketing magazines , 37. Birtwistle, G. , Siddiqui, N. , & Fiorito, S. S. 2003). Quick response:perceptions of UK fashion retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management , pp. 118-128. 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Quick response in textile-apparel industry and the support of information technologies.Integrated Manufacturing systems , pp. 125-136. Gabszewicz, J. , Pepall, L. , & Thisse, J. (1992). Sequential entry with brand loyalty caused by consumer learning-by-using. Journal of Industrial Economics , pp. 397- 416. Hines, T. , & Bruce, M. (2001). Fashion Marketing:Contemporary Issues. Kent: MPG Books Ltd. http://www. interbrand. com/en/BestRetailBrands/2012-Best-Retail-Brands. aspx. (n. d. ). Lopez, C. , & Fan, Y. (2009). Internationalisation of the Spanish fashion brand Zara. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management , pp. 279-296. Mattila, H. , King, R. , & Ojala, N. (2002).Retail performance measures for seaonal fashion. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management , pp. 340-351. Mazaira, A. , Gonzalez, E. , & Avendano, R. (2003). The role of market orientation on company performance through the development of sustainable competitive advantage:the Inditex-Zara case . Marketing Intelligence & Planning , pp. 220-229. McIntyre, S. H. , & Statman, M. (1982 May-June). Managing the Risk of New Product Development. Business Horizons . Minxun, Z. (2012). Esprit transfer to be fast fashion. Retrieved 2012 06-11 from http;//news. hexun. com: http;//news. hexun. om/2012-09-24/146191360. html W ang, Y. (2010). Consumer Behavior Characteristics in Fast Fashion. TEXTIL HOGSKOLAN. Lisbeth Svengren Holm. Wigley, S. M. , & Provelengiou, A. -K. (2011). Market-facing strategic alliances in the fashion sector. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management , pp. 141-162. Baker, R. (2008). Retail sector focus-fashion:following fast fashion. Marketing magazines , 37. Birtwistle, G. , Siddiqui, N. , & Fiorito, S. S. (2003). Quick response:perceptions of UK fashion retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management , pp. 118-128. Christopher, M. Lowson, R. , & Peck, H. (2004). Creating agile supply chains in the fashion industry. 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GRE vs. LSAT Which Test to Take for Law School Admissions

For decades, law school applicants had no choice but to take the LSAT for law school admissions. Then, in 2016, the University of Arizona announced that it would permit law school applicants to submit the GRE instead of the LSAT. Harvard Law School followed suit, and today, 47 U.S. law schools accept the GRE. These law schools believe that by accepting both LSAT and GRE scores, they will attract a larger and more diverse applicant pool. Since many students have already taken the GRE, the GRE option will make law school admissions more affordable and accessible to prospective students.   If youre applying to law school, think carefully about your testing options before signing up for either the LSAT or the GRE. Its important to understand the differences between the two tests, as well as the pros and cons of both options in the law school admissions process. LSAT vs. GRE How different are these two exams? One of the most significant differences is accessibility. The GRE can be taken nearly every day of the year, while the LSAT is administered seven times per year. In addition, the GREs content will likely feel familiar for students who took the SAT or ACT, whereas the LSATs logical reasoning and logic games (analytical reasoning) sections are unlike other standardized tests. Here are the most important facts to know: LSAT vs. GRE LSAT GRE Content and Structure 2 35-minute Logical Reasoning sections1 35-minute Reading Comprehension section1 35-minute Analytical Reasoning section1 35-minute unscored experimental section1 35-minute writing section (completed independently after test day) 1 60-minute Analytical Writing section2 30-minute Verbal Reasoning sections2 35-minute Quantitative Reasoning sections1 30- or 35-minute unscored Verbal or Quantitative section (computer-based test only) When It's Offered 7 times per year Year-round, almost every day of the year Testing Time 3 hours and 35 minutes, with one 15 minute break 3 hours and 45 minutes, including an optional 10-minute break Scoring Total score ranges from 120 to 180 in 1-point increments. The Quantitative and Verbal sections are scored separately. Both range from 130-170 in 1-point increments. Cost and Fees $180 for the test; to send score reports, $185 flat fee and $35 per school $205 for the test; to send score reports, $27 per school Score Validity 5 years 5 years How to Decide Which Test to Take Not sure whether to take the LSAT or the GRE? Here are some factors to consider. Admissions Chances Available data is limited, so the jury is still out on whether taking the GRE helps or hurts your admissions chances. In general, the law schools that do accept both tests agree that the GRE and the LSAT are equally good predictors of your ability to succeed in law school, so you should feel confident applying with either exam. The GRE is still a much less common choice for law school applicants, and students who take the GRE should be sure to demonstrate their commitment to law school in their application. Cost and Accessibility The GRE is offered much more frequently than the LSAT, and it costs slightly less. If youve taken the GRE already for a different program, you can send those scores to law schools without having to take another exam (as long as your GRE score is still valid). Flexibility If youre interested in applying to law school as well as other graduate programs, the GRE is in some ways a more flexible option. You can send it to all the different types of programs youre considering, and you only have to pay (and prep) for one exam. On the other hand, taking the GRE limits the pool of law schools that will accept your application, and you must make sure that you are happy with those law school options. Rules Against Score Substitutions Keep in mind that you cannot substitute the GRE for the LSAT. If youve already taken the LSAT and werent pleased with your score, you cant submit a GRE score in its place. Every law school that accepts both exams explicitly states that if you have taken the LSAT (and your score is still valid), you must report the score. So, if youve already taken the LSAT, and you arent applying to any other types of graduate program, then there is no reason to take the GRE. Law Schools That Accept the GRE American University Washington College of LawBoston University School of LawBrigham Young University J. Reuben Clark Law SchoolBrooklyn Law SchoolCalifornia Western School of LawChicago-Kent College of LawColumbia Law SchoolCornell Law SchoolFlorida International University College of LawFlorida State University College of LawGeorge Mason University Antonin Scalia Law SchoolGeorgetown University Law CenterHarvard Law SchoolJohn Marshall Law SchoolMassachusetts School of Law at AndoverNew York University School of LawNorthwestern University Pritzker School of LawPace University Elisabeth Haub School of LawPennsylvania State University — Penn State LawPepperdine School of LawSeattle University School of LawSouthern Methodist University Dedman School of LawSt. Johns University School of LawSuffolk University Law SchoolTexas AM University School of LawUniversity at Buffalo School of LawUniversity of Akron Law SchoolUniversity of Arizona James E. Rogers College of LawUniversity of California, Davis, School of LawUniversity of California, Irvine School of LawUniversity of California, Los Angeles School of LawUniversity of Chicago Law SchoolUniversity of Dayton School of LawUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa William S. Richardson School of LawUniversity of Montana Alexander Blewett III School of LawUniversity of New Hampshire School of LawUniversity of Notre Dame Law SchoolUniversity of Pennsylvania Law SchoolUniversity of Southern California, Gould School of LawUniversity of South Carolina School of LawUniversity of Texas at Austin School of LawUniversity of Virginia School of LawWake Forest University School of LawWashington University School of LawYale Law SchoolYeshiva University Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law